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Disadvantages of poor power factor in power system

Here We will discuss how poor power factor affects power system.

Apparent power = √3 VI /1000


Real power= √3 VI Cos Ø /1000


Reactive power= √3 VI SineØ/1000


Hence KW= KVA x Cos Ø


Here, V= Voltage, I= Current, Ø= Angel between voltage and current vector, CosØ= Power factor
(a) The amount of KW which can be supplied to load from the same KVA rating of power
Transformer depends on power factor With higher power factor, higher KW can be supplied from the same power transformer
(b) With given KW load of a motor or other load, poor power factor means higher KVA. Hence, Higher current for the same voltage. This gives rise to more I2Rt losses, hence loss of electrical energy
(c) Higher current ‘I’ gives higher IZ drop in supply circuit. Hence, higher voltage regulation problems.
Thus poor power factor gives poor voltage control, higher losses and poor use of electrical equipment rating. So, Power factor correction or improvement necessary.

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