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Explain transformer losses in short

  1. Core loss : resulting from the alternating core magnetization
  2. Dielectric loss : resulting in insulating material, oil & solid
  3. I²R loss: resulting in the windings
  4. Load ( stray ) loss : largely the result of leakage magnetic field including the eddy currents in the tank walls and conductors
Iron losses:
  • Due to eddy currents and hysterisis
  • Iron losses can be reduced by using superior quality of cold rolled silicon iron sheets
  • No load/core loss/open circuit loss/iron loss is specified at rated voltage
  • Iron loss can be obtained from open circuit tests
Copper loss :
  • I2R loss resulting in the windings
  • Can be reduced by using sufficient cross sections of copper for construction of winding/s
  • Load loss/copper loss/short circuit loss is specified at rated current
  • Copper losses can be obtained from short circuit test without operating the transformer on load
How the hysterisis loss is minimized
  • By using laminated steel sheets of high grade grain oriented steel sheets
  • Laminated surface is subjected to in organic insulation treatment
  • The insulating varnish ensures insulation between the surface
Significance of no load circuit losses( iron losses)
  • The defects in magnetic circuit of the transformer, cause an increase in the no load current and losses
  • Hence, efficiency reduces  and may lead to excessive over heating and reduction in the life span

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